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Explain about Premenstrual Syndrome .... ? " munipalli akshay paul "

Published by munipalli akshay paul @

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a group of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms that occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle — typically 1 to 2 weeks before menstruation — and resolve with the onset or shortly after the start of menstruation.

Causes and Mechanism

The exact cause of PMS is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to:

  • Hormonal fluctuations, especially changes in estrogen and progesterone

  • Neurotransmitter changes, particularly serotonin, which affects mood

  • Sensitivity to normal hormonal changes (not necessarily abnormal hormone levels)

Common Symptoms

Emotional and Behavioral:

  • Mood swings

  • Irritability or anger

  • Anxiety or tension

  • Depression or sadness

  • Crying spells

  • Difficulty concentrating

  • Changes in libido

  • Sleep disturbances

Physical:

  • Bloating

  • Breast tenderness

  • Headaches

  • Joint or muscle pain

  • Fatigue

  • Acne flare-ups

  • Digestive issues (constipation or diarrhea)

  • Food cravings (especially sweets or salty foods)

Diagnosis

There’s no specific test; diagnosis is based on:

  • Tracking symptoms for at least 2–3 cycles

  • Confirming the symptoms occur during the luteal phase and resolve after menstruation begins

  • Excluding other conditions like depression, anxiety disorders, thyroid issues, or chronic fatigue syndrome

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

A severe form of PMS affecting 3–8% of menstruating individuals:

  • More intense emotional symptoms (e.g., severe depression, rage, hopelessness)

  • Significantly interferes with daily functioning and relationships

Treatment and Management

Lifestyle Modifications:

  • Regular exercise

  • Balanced diet (reducing sugar, salt, caffeine, and alcohol)

  • Adequate sleep

  • Stress management (yoga, meditation)

Medications:

  • NSAIDs: For pain relief (e.g., ibuprofen)

  • Hormonal treatments: Birth control pills to stabilize hormone levels

  • SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors): For mood symptoms (e.g., fluoxetine, sertraline)

  • Diuretics: To reduce bloating and fluid retention

  • Calcium and magnesium supplements: May help reduce symptoms

When to Seek Help

  • If PMS symptoms are severe or disruptive

  • If symptoms suggest PMDD

  • If over-the-counter strategies don’t help.


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